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Efficiency Equation:
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Transformer efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power, expressed as a percentage. It measures how effectively a transformer converts input electrical power to output electrical power with minimal losses.
The calculator uses the efficiency equation:
Where:
Explanation: The equation calculates what percentage of input power is successfully converted to output power, with the difference representing transformer losses.
Details: Efficiency calculation is crucial for evaluating transformer performance, estimating energy losses, and calculating operating costs. Higher efficiency transformers reduce energy waste and operating expenses.
Tips: Enter both output and input kVA values in the same units (kVA). Input kVA must be equal to or greater than output kVA. Values must be positive numbers.
Q1: What is a good efficiency percentage for a 5000 kVA transformer?
A: Modern 5000 kVA transformers typically have efficiencies between 98-99.5% at full load. Actual efficiency depends on design and load conditions.
Q2: Why can't efficiency be 100%?
A: Transformers always have some losses due to core losses (hysteresis and eddy currents) and copper losses (I²R losses in windings).
Q3: How does load affect transformer efficiency?
A: Efficiency varies with load, typically peaking at 50-75% of full load. Efficiency decreases at very light or very heavy loads.
Q4: What's the difference between energy efficiency and power efficiency?
A: This calculator measures power efficiency (instantaneous). Energy efficiency considers performance over time with varying loads.
Q5: How often should transformer efficiency be measured?
A: Efficiency should be checked during commissioning and periodically during maintenance, especially if performance issues are suspected.