1. What is the Water Demand Formula?

The water demand formula calculates the average daily demand (ADD) for a population based on liters per capita per day (LPCD) and population size, including a 10% additional factor for other uses.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the water demand equation:

Where:

• \( ADD \) — Average daily demand (liters/day)
• \( LPCD \) — Liters per capita per day (liters/person/day)
• \( P \) — Population (number of people)
• \( 10\% \times P \) — Additional demand factor for other uses

Explanation: The equation accounts for basic water needs plus additional requirements for public uses, losses, and emergencies.

3. Importance of Water Demand Calculation

Details: Accurate water demand estimation is crucial for designing water supply systems, ensuring adequate capacity, and planning infrastructure development.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter LPCD value in liters and population as whole number. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a typical LPCD value?
A: LPCD varies by region and lifestyle, typically ranging from 100-300 liters per person per day in urban areas.

Q2: Why include the 10% additional factor?
A: The 10% accounts for non-domestic uses like public fountains, firefighting, and system losses.

Q3: How does climate affect water demand?
A: Hotter climates generally have higher LPCD values due to increased personal and irrigation needs.

Q4: Should this be used for industrial areas?
A: Industrial water demand should be calculated separately and added to the residential demand.

Q5: How often should demand calculations be updated?
A: Water demand calculations should be reviewed annually to account for population changes and usage patterns.