1. What is Work in Physics?

Work is defined as the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement. In simpler terms, work is done when a force moves an object over a distance.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the work equation:

Where:

• \( W \) — Work done (joules)
• \( F \) — Force applied (newtons)
• \( d \) — Distance moved (meters)
• \( \theta \) — Angle between force and displacement vectors (degrees)

Explanation: The cosine term accounts for the direction of the force relative to the direction of movement. Maximum work occurs when force and displacement are parallel (θ = 0°).

3. Importance of Work Calculation

Details: Calculating work is fundamental in physics and engineering to determine energy requirements, mechanical advantage, and efficiency of systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter force in newtons, distance in meters, and angle in degrees. For force directly in line with movement, use 0° angle. For perpendicular force, use 90° (which will result in zero work).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are the units of work?
A: The SI unit is the joule (J), which equals 1 newton-meter. In other systems: erg (CGS), foot-pound (imperial).

Q2: When is work considered negative?
A: Work is negative when the force component is opposite to the displacement direction (90° < θ ≤ 180°).

Q3: What's the difference between work and power?
A: Work measures energy transfer, while power measures the rate of work done (work per unit time).

Q4: Can work be done without movement?
A: No, work requires displacement. Pushing against a stationary wall does no work despite the effort.

Q5: How does angle affect work?
A: Only the component of force in the direction of displacement does work. The cosine term accounts for this.